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- **************************************************
- * Serine proteases, trypsin family, active sites *
- **************************************************
-
- The catalytic activity of the serine proteases from the trypsin family is
- provided by a charge relay system involving an aspartic acid residue hydrogen-
- bonded to a histidine, which itself is hydrogen-bonded to a serine. The
- sequences in the vicinity of the active site serine and histidine residues are
- well conserved in this family of proteases [1]. A partial list of proteases
- known to belong to the trypsin family is shown below.
-
- - Acrosin.
- - Azurocidin.
- - Blood coagulation factors VII, IX, X, XI and XII, thrombin, plasminogen,
- and protein C.
- - Cathepsin G.
- - Chymotrypsins.
- - Complement components C1R, C1S, C2, and complement factors B, D and I.
- - Cytotoxic cell proteases (granzymes A to H).
- - Elastases 1, 2, 3A, 3B (protease E), leukocyte (medullasin).
- - Hepsin.
- - Glandular (tissue) kallikreins (including EGF-binding protein types A, B,
- and C, NGF-gamma chain, and Tonin).
- - Plasma kallikrein.
- - Mast cell proteases (MCP) 1 (chymase) to 7.
- - Plasminogen activators (urokinase-type, and tissue-type).
- - Prostate specific antigen (PSA) (arginine esterase).
- - Proteinase 3 (myeloblastin) (Wegener's autoantigen).
- - Gamma-renin.
- - Trypsins I, II, III, and IV.
- - Tryptases.
- - Snake venom proteases such as ancrod, batroxobin, cerastobin, flavoxobin,
- and protein C activator.
- - Collagenase from common cattle grub and collagenolytic protease from
- Atlantic sand fiddler crab.
- - Apolipoprotein(a).
- - Blood fluke cercarial protease.
- - Drosophila trypsin like proteases: alpha, easter, snake-locus.
- - Achromobacter lyticus protease I.
- - Lysobacter alpha-lytic protease.
- - Streptogrisin A and B (Streptomyces proteases A and B).
-
- -Consensus pattern: [LIVM]-[ST]-A-[STAG]-H-C
- [H is the active site residue]
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL, except
- for complement components C1R and C1S, pig plasminogen, bovine protein C,
- rodent urokinase, ancrod, Achromobacter lyticus protease I and two insect
- trypsins.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: Bacillus subtilis sucrose permease
- and a Newcastle disease virus hemagglutinin.
-
- -Consensus pattern: G-D-S-G-G
- [S is the active site residue]
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL, except
- for 21 different proteases.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: 12.
-
- -Note: if a protein includes both the serine and the histidine active site
- signatures, the probability of it being a trypsin family serine protease is
- 100%
-
- -Last update: June 1994 / Text revised.
-
- [ 1] Brenner S.
- Nature 334:528-530(1988).
-